microprocessor - meaning and definition. What is microprocessor
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What (who) is microprocessor - definition

COMPUTER PROCESSOR CONTAINED ON AN INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT CHIP
Microchip revolution; Digital processors; ΜP; CPU chip; Embedded microprocessor; Embedded microprocessors; Micro Processor; Micro processor; Micro-processor; Digital Processors; Microprocessor unit; Microprocessors; UProcessor; ΜProcessor; History of the microprocessor
  • Upper interconnect layers on an [[Intel 80486]]DX2 die
  • 64 bit]] [[x86-64]] processor (AMD Ryzen 5 2600, Based on [[Zen+]], 2018)
  • AM4]] socket on a motherboard
  • ABIT BP6 motherboard supported two Intel Celeron 366Mhz processors picture shows Zalman heatsinks.
  • '''Abit BP6''' dual-socket Motherboard shown with Zalman Flower heatsinks.
  • 4004]] with cover removed (left) and as actually used (right)
  • [[Intel 4004]]
  • The PICO1/GI250 chip introduced in 1971: It was designed by Pico Electronics (Glenrothes, Scotland) and manufactured by General Instrument of Hicksville NY.
  • First microprocessor by Intel, the 4004
  • Intel Core i9-9900K (2018, based on [[Coffee Lake]])
  • [[Motorola 6800]] (MC6800)
  • TMS1000]]
  • address]] and data lines

microprocessor         
(microprocessors)
In a computer, the microprocessor is the main microchip, which controls its most important functions. (COMPUTING)
N-COUNT
microprocessor         
<architecture> (Or "micro") A computer whose entire CPU is contained on one (or a small number of) integrated circuits. The important characteristics of a microprocessor are the widths of its internal and external address bus and {data bus} (and instruction), its clock rate and its {instruction set}. Processors are also often classified as either RISC or CISC. The first commercial microprocessor was the Intel 4004 which appeared in 1971. This was the CPU member of a set of four LSI integrated circuits called the MCS-4, which was originally designed for use in a calculator but was marketed as "programmable controller for logic replacement". The 4004 is referred to as a 4-bit microprocessor since it processed only 4 bits of data at a time. This very short word size is due mainly to the limitations imposed by the maximum integrated circuit density then achievable. As integrated circuit densities increased with the rapid development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, the power and performance of the microprocessors also increased. This is reflected in the increase in the CPU word size to 4, 8, 16, and by mid-1980s, 32 bits. The smaller microprocessors have relatively simple instruction sets, e.g., no floating point instructions, but they are nevertheless suitable as controllers for a very wide range of applications such as car engines and microwave ovens. The Intel 4004 was followed with, among others the 4040, 8008, 8080, 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, 486 and Pentium. Other families include the Motorola 6800 and 680x0 families, National Semiconductor 16000 and {National Semiconductor 32000}, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, Zilog Z8000, PowerPC and the Inmos Transputer family. The larger, more recent microprocessors families have gradually acquired most of the features of large computers. As the microprocessor industry has matured, several families of microprocessors have evolved into de facto industrial standards with multiple manufacturers and numerous "support" chips including RAM, ROM, I/O controllers etc. A single chip microprocessor may include other components such as memory (RAM, ROM, PROM), memory management, caches, floating-point unit, input/output ports and timers. Such devices are also known as microcontrollers. The one-chip microcomputer is in many respects, a landmark development in computer technology because it reduces the computer to a small, inexpensive, and easily replaceable design component. Microcomputers have given rise to a new class of general-purpose machines called personal computers. These are small low cost computers that are designed to sit on an ordinary office desk or to be portable and fuelled the computer boom of the late 1980s. The most widespread example is the also IBM PC, based on microprocessors from {Intel Corporation}. Apple Computers, Inc. have also produced a range of personal computers, as have several other companies. See also killer micro, minicomputer, CPU Info Center. (2002-07-16)
microprocessor         
¦ noun an integrated circuit containing all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer.

Wikipedia

Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). The IC is capable of interpreting and executing program instructions and performing arithmetic operations. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock-driven, register-based, digital integrated circuit that accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results (also in binary form) as output. Microprocessors contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic, and operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary number system.

The integration of a whole CPU onto a single or a few integrated circuits using Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) greatly reduced the cost of processing power. Integrated circuit processors are produced in large numbers by highly automated metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) fabrication processes, resulting in a relatively low unit price. Single-chip processors increase reliability because there are fewer electrical connections that could fail. As microprocessor designs improve, the cost of manufacturing a chip (with smaller components built on a semiconductor chip the same size) generally stays the same according to Rock's law.

Before microprocessors, small computers had been built using racks of circuit boards with many medium- and small-scale integrated circuits, typically of TTL type. Microprocessors combined this into one or a few large-scale ICs. While there is disagreement over who deserves credit for the invention of the microprocessor, the first commercially available microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed by Federico Faggin and introduced in 1971.

Continued increases in microprocessor capacity have since rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete (see history of computing hardware), with one or more microprocessors used in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers.

Microprocessors are related but distinct from a system on a chip, microcontrollers, and digital signal processor.

Examples of use of microprocessor
1. They were being trained in microprocessor–based speedometers for diesel locomotives.
2. The computer has a 500 MHz AMD microprocessor and runs on free Linux software.
3. There was a microprocessor from Intel and an operating system from Microsoft.
4. Microprocessor sales rose to $'6'm, from $673m a year ago.
5. Microprocessor sales were driven by strong demand for personal computers worldwide.